Top-down and bottom-up effects on zooplankton size distribution in a deep stratified lake

Bottom-up, top-down

Distinguishing Top-Down From Bottom-Up Effects

The distinction between top-down and bottom-up effects is widely relied on in experimental psychology. However, there is an important problem with the way it is normally defined. Top-down effects are effects of previously-stored information on processing the current input. But on the face of it that includes the information that is implicit in the operation of any psychological process – in its...

Bottom-Up Beats Top-Down

In PEPA, the calculation of the transitions enabled by a process accounts for a large part of the time for the state space exploration of the underlying Markov chain. Unlike other approaches based on recursion, we present a new technique that is iterative—it traverses the process’ binary tree from the sequential components at the leaves up to the root. Empirical results shows that this algorith...

A Comparative Study of Effect of Bottom-up and Top-down Instructional Approaches on EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Recall and Retention

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of bottom-up and top-down instructional approaches on English as a foreign language (EFL) vocabulary recall and retention. To this end, 44 high school students from two intact classes were assigned to bottom-up (n = 21) and top-down (n = 23) groups. The participants were exposed to 20 hours of explicit vocabulary instruction during 10 weeks ...

Top-down and bottom-up control on bacterial diversity in a western Norwegian deep-silled fjord.

We investigated the relationship between viruses and co-occurring bacterial communities in the Sognefjord, a deep-silled fjord in Western Norway. A combination of flow cytometry and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) was used to assess prokaryote and viral abundances, and bacterial diversity and community composition, respectively, in depth profiles and at two different samp...